EurekAlert! - Earth Science

The premier online source for science news since 1996. A service of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.http://www.eurekalert.org en-usCopyright 2012 by the American Association for the Advancement of ScienceMon, 27 Feb 2012 12:24:03 ESTEurekAlert!http://www.eurekalert.org/images/logo.gifhttp://www.eurekalert.org The premier online source for science news since 1996. A service of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.60webmaster@eurekalert.org (EurekAlert!)(<i>DOE/Oak Ridge National Laboratory</i>) A technology could streamline and strengthen the process for siting power plants while potentially enhancing the nation's energy security.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/drnl-otp022712.php Mon, 27 Feb 2012 00:00:00 ESThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/drnl-otp022712.php(<i>Entomological Society of America</i>) The 2012 Joint Meeting of the Southeastern and Southwestern Branches of the Entomological Society of America will be held March 4-7, 2012 at the Peabody Hotel in Little Rock, Arkansas. Southern entomologists from New Mexico to North Carolina will meet to discuss insect pests, invasive species, insect-borne diseases, and other topics.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/esoa-sis022712.php Mon, 27 Feb 2012 00:00:00 ESThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/esoa-sis022712.php(<i>Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona</i>) Researchers at the Institut Catala de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, the Museu de la Conca Della and the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona have published this week in the online edition of the journal Cretaceous Research the discovery and description of a turtle from the end of the age of dinosaurs.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/uadb-pia022712.php Mon, 27 Feb 2012 00:00:00 ESThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/uadb-pia022712.php(<i>Harvard University</i>) Researchers at the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences have shown that the primary explanation for the reduction in CO2 emissions from power generation in 2009 was that a decrease in the price of natural gas reduced the industry's reliance on coal. According to their econometric model, emissions could be cut further by the introduction of a carbon tax, with negligible impact on the price of electricity for consumers.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/hu-riu022712.php Mon, 27 Feb 2012 00:00:00 ESThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/hu-riu022712.php(<i>VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland</i>) Researchers of VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland have shown that surface tension on a solid material is unconnected to the energy required to create a new surface. Consequently, surface tension on a solid does not exist in its conventional meaning.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/vtrc-vsr022712.php Mon, 27 Feb 2012 00:00:00 ESThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/vtrc-vsr022712.php(<i>Ruhr-University Bochum</i>) The global energy demand is still increasing. However, today's concepts for power generation aren't able to deliver the amount of electricity, which is needed in the future. Dr. Fabio La Mantia, junior group leader of the "Semiconductor and Energy Conversion" group of the RUB, is working on a solution for the problem. In March he and his team are going to start a project, with the ambition to develop an aqueous lithium ion battery.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/rb-nes022712.php Mon, 27 Feb 2012 00:00:00 ESThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/rb-nes022712.php(<i>University of East Anglia</i>) An international project giving up-to-date information on carbon emissions has opened its first UK office at the University of East Anglia.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/uoea-gcp022712.php Mon, 27 Feb 2012 00:00:00 ESThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/uoea-gcp022712.php(<i>Nanyang Technological University</i>) Asia will receive a boost in the field of complexity science through a dedicated program by Nanyang Technological University.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/ntu-nte022712.php Mon, 27 Feb 2012 00:00:00 ESThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/ntu-nte022712.php(<i>Carnegie Institution</i>) By analyzing submarine volcanic glass from the Manus Basin, scientists found unexpected changes in hydrogen and boron isotopes from the deep mantle. They expected to see the "fingerprint" of seawater. But discovered evidence of seawater distilled from a more ancient plate descent, preserved for as long as one billion years. The data indicate that these ancient "slabs" can return to the upper mantle, and that rates of hydrogen exchange may not conform to experiments.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/ci-vdt022312.php Sun, 26 Feb 2012 00:00:00 ESThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/ci-vdt022312.php(<i>Wiley-Blackwell</i>) Ancient manuscripts written by Arabic scholars can provide valuable meteorological information to help modern scientists reconstruct the climate of the past, a new study has revealed. The research, published in Weather, analyses the writings of scholars, historians and diarists in Iraq during the Islamic Golden Age between 816-1009 AD for evidence of abnormal weather patterns.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/w-aaw022312.php Sun, 26 Feb 2012 00:00:00 ESThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/w-aaw022312.php(<i>University of East Anglia</i>) Energy efficiency experts at the University of East Anglia are calling for ambitious new targets to reduce energy demand across the European Union.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/uoea-cft022212.php Sun, 26 Feb 2012 00:00:00 ESThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/uoea-cft022212.php(<i>Uppsala University</i>) New findings from an international team of researchers show that most Neandertals in Europe died off around 50,000 years ago. The previously held view of a Europe populated by a stable Neandertal population for hundreds of thousands of years up until modern humans arrived must therefore be revised.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/uu-enw022512.php Sat, 25 Feb 2012 00:00:00 ESThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/uu-enw022512.php(<i>Geological Society of America</i>) New GSA BULLETIN science published online 24 Feb. includes work on the Chugach Metamorphic Complex of southern Alaska; news and data from the first non-Russian science team to make a helicopter over-flight of Shiveluch volcano in Kamchatka, Russia, after its large 2005 eruption; and a study by a team from the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory that proposes a new calibration model for the Eocene segment of the Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale (GPTS).http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/gsoa-gba022412.php Fri, 24 Feb 2012 00:00:00 ESThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/gsoa-gba022412.php(<i>Geological Society of America</i>) Linear dunes, widespread on Earth and Saturn's moon, Titan, are generally considered to have been formed by deposits of windblown sand. It has been speculated for some time that some linear dunes may have formed by "wind-rift" erosion, but this model has commonly been rejected due to lack of sufficient evidence. Now, new research supported by China's NSF and published this week in GSA BULLETIN indicates that erosional origin models should not be ruled out.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/gsoa-nrp022412.php Fri, 24 Feb 2012 00:00:00 ESThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/gsoa-nrp022412.php(<i>Florida State University</i>) Michael Shatruk, an assistant professor in Florida State University's Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry who is working to develop new magnetic materials, has been awarded the prestigious ExxonMobil Solid State Chemistry Faculty Fellowship for 2012 by the American Chemical Society's Division of Inorganic Chemistry.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/fsu-fsc022412.php Fri, 24 Feb 2012 00:00:00 ESThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/fsu-fsc022412.php(<i>National Science Foundation</i>) From spaghetti-like sea anemones to blobby jellyfish to filigreed oak trees, each species in nature is characterized by a unique size and shape. But the evolutionary changes that produce the seemingly limitless diversity of shapes and sizes of organisms on Earth largely remains a mystery. Nevertheless, a better understanding of how cells grow and enable organisms to assume their characteristic sizes and shapes could shed light on diseases that involve cell growth, including cancer and diabetes.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/nsf-abd022412.php Fri, 24 Feb 2012 00:00:00 ESThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/nsf-abd022412.php(<i>Case Western Reserve University</i>) In the crash-car derby between heavy and light isotopes vying for the coolest spots as magma turns to solid rock, weightier isotopes have an edge: momentum. The research, led by Case Western Reserve University, may offer clues to how igneous rocks form.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/cwru-hha022412.php Fri, 24 Feb 2012 00:00:00 ESThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/cwru-hha022412.php(<i>Inderscience Publishers</i>) A life cycle assessment of growing crops for fuel as opposed to refining and using fossil fuels has revealed that substitution of gasoline by bioethanol converted from energy crops has considerable potential for rendering our society more sustainable, according to a Japanese study published in the International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/ip-gfv022412.php Fri, 24 Feb 2012 00:00:00 ESThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/ip-gfv022412.php(<i>National Science Foundation</i>) When Sifrhippus sandae, the earliest known horse, first appeared in the forests of North America more than 50 million years ago, it would not have been mistaken for a Clydesdale.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/nsf-eoe022412.php Fri, 24 Feb 2012 00:00:00 ESThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/nsf-eoe022412.php(<i>Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft</i>) While most of the programs funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft focus on scientific projects, the DFG's "Geraetezentren -- Core Facilities" initiative was developed to improve research frameworks.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/df-cfp022412.php Fri, 24 Feb 2012 00:00:00 ESThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/df-cfp022412.php(<i>University of Granada</i>) Liquid water exhibits a range of unusual properties that other chemical compounds do not have: up to 65 abnormalities. Nanochannels are extremely tiny ducts 1-100 nanometers in diameterhttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/uog-asd022412.php Fri, 24 Feb 2012 00:00:00 ESThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/uog-asd022412.php(<i>NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center</i>) Before our Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation devices can tell us where we are, the satellites that make up the GPS need to know exactly where they are. For that, they rely on a network of sites that serve as "you are here" signs planted throughout the world. The catch is, the sites don't sit still because they're on a planet that isn't at rest, yet modern measurements require more and more accuracy in pinpointing where "here" is.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/nsfc-npd022312.php Thu, 23 Feb 2012 00:00:00 ESThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/nsfc-npd022312.php(<i>University of Illinois at Chicago</i>) A University of Illinois at Chicago biologist thinks the subterranean lifestyle of the naked mole-rat may hold clues to keeping brain cells alive and functioning when oxygen is scarce, as during a heart attack. The key may lie in how brain cells regulate their intake of calcium, as reported in the Feb. 21 PLoS One.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/uoia-nmb022312.php Thu, 23 Feb 2012 00:00:00 ESThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/uoia-nmb022312.php(<i>American Society for Microbiology</i>) The debate about the potential severity of an outbreak of airborne H5N1 influenza in humans needs to move on from speculation and focus instead on how we can safely continue H5N1 research and share the results among researchers, according to a commentary to be published in mBio?, the online open-access journal of the American Society for Microbiology, on Friday, Feb. 24.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/asfm-ohf022312.php Thu, 23 Feb 2012 00:00:00 ESThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/asfm-ohf022312.php(<i>Geological Society of America</i>) A recent American Geosciences Institute (AGI) workforce evaluation estimates that by 2021, 150,000 to 220,000 geoscience jobs will need to be filled. The AGI report notes that at current graduation rates, most of these jobs will not be able to be filled by U.S. citizens.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/gsoa-adf022312.php Thu, 23 Feb 2012 00:00:00 ESThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/gsoa-adf022312.php

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